Bar and Rod
Plate and Sheet
Strip
Pipe and Tube
Wire
Welding
Powder Material
Cast Products
Forged Products
Fittings
Fastening
Round Bar:
φ2–500 mm, 1–6 m length
Flat/Square Bar:
4–100 mm thickness/width
Hex Bar:
A/F 3–100 mm
Hollow Bar:
OD 20–300 mm
Sheet:
0.3–6 mm thickness
Medium Plate:
6–25 mm thickness
Heavy Plate:
25–100 mm thickness
Standard Strip:
0.05–3 mm thick,
10–600 mm wide
Precision strip:
0.01–0.5 mm thick,
tight tolerance ±0.005 mm
Foil:
0.005–0.1 mm thick
Seamless Tube:
OD 6–450 mm,
WT 1–50 mm,
1–12 m length
Welded Tube:
OD 10–600 mm,
WT 1–20 mm
Capillary Tube:
OD 1–10 mm,
WT 0.1–2 mm
Wire Form:
Cold Drawn Wire,
Bright Wire,
Spring Wire,
Fine Wire,
Ultra-fine Wire
General Diameter:
φ0.1–10 mm
Coil Weight:
50–500 kg,
customizable tolerance
Solid Wire:
φ0.8–4.0 mm
Flux-cored Wire:
φ1.2–4.0 mm
Welding Rod:
φ2.0–5.0 mm
Powder Form:
AM 3D Printing Powder,
Spherical Powder,
Gas-atomized Powder,
Water-atomized Powder
Particle Size:
10–150 μm
Sphericity:
≥90% for AM grade
Cast Ingot:
φ200–800 mm
Precision Casting:
min wall 0.5 mm
Cast Pipe:
OD 100–600 mm,
WT 10–50 mm
Forged Bar:
Φ35–500 mm
Forged Ring:
OD 200–2000 mm
Forging Weight:
1–5000 kg
Fittings Form:
Elbow, Tee, Reducer, Flange, Cap, Outlet, Lap Joint
Size range:
1/2''–24'' (DN15–DN600)
Wall thickness:
Sch10–Sch160, STD, XS, XXS
Pressure Class:
150–2500 LB
Fastening Form:
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Stud, Washer, Pin, Rivet
Metric: M3–M64
Imperial: #4–2.5''
Length: 6–500 mm
Pure Vanadium is unalloyed vanadium, a bright blue-silver-grey transition metal. This datasheet presents the material within the American (ASTM / UNS) standard system.
Vanadium is a refractory-class metal valued for its high melting point, good strength, low density relative to other refractory metals, low thermal-neutron-capture cross-section, and good compatibility with liquid alkali metals, which makes it of particular interest for nuclear fusion first-wall and fission cladding research. It is ductile when pure and work-hardens with cold work, but is sensitive to embrittlement by interstitial oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen and oxidises in air above about 300 °C. The vast majority of vanadium production goes into ferrovanadium and steel micro-alloying; pure vanadium metal is supplied to commercial purity grades (typically 99.5% or 99.9%) for specialty use. It is supplied in the annealed condition.
Typical applications include alloying master metal and additions, vanadium-alloy research for nuclear systems, superconductor and chemical uses, and specialty high-temperature components.
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 6.11 | g/cm³ |
| Melting point | 1910 | °C |
| Elastic modulus | 128 | GPa |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | 8.4 | µm/m·°C |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | 30.7 | W/m·K |
| Specific heat (20 °C) | 489 | J/kg·K |
| Structure | Body-centred cubic (BCC) | — |
| Element | Symbol | Min % | Max % | Role in Alloy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanadium | V | 99.5 | — | Base element |
| Iron | Fe | — | 0.10 | Residual impurity |
| Oxygen | O | — | 0.10 | Interstitial impurity |
| Carbon | C | — | 0.05 | Interstitial impurity |
| Silicon | Si | — | 0.05 | Residual impurity |
| Nitrogen | N | — | 0.03 | Interstitial impurity |
| Hydrogen | H | — | 0.005 | Interstitial impurity |
Annealed condition, typical values for commercial-purity vanadium.
| Condition | Property | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Annealed | Tensile strength (UTS) | ≥190 MPa (28 ksi) |
| Annealed | 0.2% yield strength | ≥105 MPa (15 ksi) |
| Annealed | Elongation at break | ≥20 % |
| Cold-worked | Tensile strength (UTS) | higher; less ductile |
| — | Elastic modulus | 128 GPa |
Confirm against the mill test report. Properties depend strongly on interstitial (O, N, C) content; higher purity gives greater ductility.
| Environment | Performance | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Liquid alkali metals | Excellent | Good compatibility; nuclear interest |
| Dilute non-oxidizing acids | Good | Resistant |
| Seawater / atmospheric | Good | Stable at room temperature |
| Oxidizing acids (HNO₃) | Poor | Attacked |
| Oxidizing air (>300 °C) | Poor | Oxidises; must be protected |
Vanadium resists liquid alkali metals and dilute non-oxidizing acids but is attacked by oxidizing acids and oxidises readily in air at elevated temperature.
A refractory-class metal; not hardenable by precipitation. Properties are governed by working and annealing.
Anneal Anneal in high vacuum or a high-purity inert atmosphere at approximately 800–1000 °C to recrystallise and restore ductility after cold work. Avoid oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen pickup, which severely embrittle the metal.
Weldable by high-vacuum and high-purity inert-gas processes only; vanadium is highly sensitive to interstitial embrittlement, so the weld and hot metal must be fully protected from air.
| Welding Process | Applicability | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| EBW (vacuum) | Good | Preferred; minimises contamination |
| GTAW / TIG | Limited | High-purity inert shielding or chamber essential |
| Brazing | Good | Alternative joining method |
Weld in vacuum or under high-purity shielding; any air contamination causes severe embrittlement.
Machining Guidelines
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Machinability | Fair; sharp tooling, positive rake, slow speeds |
| Tendency | Galls and work-hardens |
| Coolant | Ample non-chlorinated coolant |
Forming Processes
| Process | Notes |
|---|---|
| Cold forming | Good when high-purity and annealed; work-hardens |
| Hot forming | Performed hot under vacuum or protection from oxidation |
| Industry | Typical Components | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Alloying | Master metal, ferrovanadium additions | Purity for alloying |
| Nuclear research | Vanadium-alloy first-wall / cladding studies | Low neutron capture + alkali-metal compatibility |
| Superconductors | V-based compounds (e.g. V₃Ga) | Purity |
| Specialty | High-temperature and chemical components | Refractory performance |
| Product Form | Standard / Designation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Bar, rod, sheet, foil and wire | Commercial purity grade | 99.5% / 99.9% |
| Chemical analysis | ASTM E1409 (O, N), related methods | Interstitials |
| Process route | Vacuum / electron-beam melted or PM | — |
| Condition | Annealed | — |
Unalloyed vanadium, commercial purity. Element V.
| Metal | Density g/cm³ | Melting Point °C | Structure | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Vanadium | 6.11 | 1910 | BCC | Alloying master metal; nuclear-alloy research, superconductors |
| Niobium | 8.57 | 2468 | BCC | Superconductors, nuclear, chemical service |
| Titanium | 4.51 | 1668 | HCP | Lightweight corrosion-resistant structures |
| Chromium | 7.19 | 1907 | BCC | Plating, alloying, oxidation resistance |
| Zirconium | 6.51 | 1852 | HCP | Chemical-process corrosion resistance |
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